一、为什么使用Spring(举例说明)
UserDao.java
package com.ncepu.dao;public interface UserDao { public void save(String name,String psssword);}
UserdaoForMysqlImpl.java
package com.ncepu.dao;public class UserdaoForMysqlImpl implements UserDao { public void save(String name, String psssword) { System.out.print("-----UserdaoForMysqlImpl---实现"); }}
UserdaoForOracleImpl.java
package com.ncepu.dao;public class UserdaoForOracleImpl implements UserDao { public void save(String name, String psssword) { System.out.print("-----UserdaoForOracleImpl---实现"); }}
UserManager.java
package com.ncepu.manager;public interface UserManager { public void save(String username, String password);}
UserManagerImpl.java
package com.ncepu.manager;import com.ncepu.dao.UserDao;public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager { private UserDao userDao; public UserManagerImpl(UserDao userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } public void save(String username, String password) { this.userDao.save(username, password); }}
Client.java
package com.ncepu.client;import com.ncepu.dao.UserdaoForOracleImpl;import com.ncepu.manager.UserManager;import com.ncepu.manager.UserManagerImpl;public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) {// UserManager userManager = new UserManagerImpl(new UserdaoForMysqlImpl());// userManager.save("张三", "123"); UserManager userManager = new UserManagerImpl(new UserdaoForOracleImpl()); userManager.save("张三", "123"); }}
在Client中,如果需求改变,如果不用依赖注入,我们需要给出两套实现。
二.控制反转(Inversion of Control)与依赖注入(Dependency Injection)
三、Spring实现,使一切变得简单
1、spring依赖库 * SPRING_HOME/dist/spring.jar * SPRING_HOME/lib/jakarta-commons/commons-logging.jar * SPRING_HOME/lib/log4j/log4j-1.2.14.jar 2、拷贝spring配置文件applicationContext.xml到src下[spring-framework-2.0\samples\jpetstore\war\WEB-INF里面有] 3、拷贝log4j配置文件log4j.properties到src下 [spring-framework-2.0\samples\jpetstore\war\WEB-INF里面有] 4、在UserManagerImpl中提供构造函数或setter方法,spring将实例化好的UserDao实现注入给我们 5、让spring管理我们的对象创建和依赖,必须在spring配置中进行定义
构造函数
或者setter方法
6、编写客户端Client.java
package com.ncepu.client;import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import com.ncepu.manager.UserManager;public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { BeanFactory factory=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserManager userManager = (UserManager)factory.getBean("UserManagerImpl"); userManager.save("张三", "123"); }}
使用了依赖注入,需求改变时,客户端我们不需要改,只需要改配置文件就可以。
四、Spring最常用的特性
利用Spring构建业务逻辑层 管理依赖关系 适应需求变更 利用Spring创建数据访问对象(DAO) 利用Spring进行事务处理